E-2 Treaty Countries: Complete List
Every country whose nationals can currently apply for the E-2 treaty investor visa, grouped by region, with notes on recent additions and second-nationality routes.
Eligibility for the E-2 visa begins with nationality. You must hold the citizenship of a country that maintains a qualifying treaty of commerce and navigation with the United States — and no amount of capital substitutes for that requirement.
Residence does not count. A national of a non-treaty country living permanently in a treaty country is not eligible on that basis; what matters is the passport.
81 treaty countries currently listed
Europe
- Albania
- Armenia
- Austria
- Azerbaijan
- Belgium
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Georgia
- Germany
- Ireland
- Italy
- Kosovo
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Moldova
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- North Macedonia
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Serbia
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
Asia
- Bangladesh
- Japan
- Kazakhstan
- Korea, South
- Kyrgyzstan
- Mongolia
- Pakistan
- Philippines
- Singapore
- Sri Lanka
- Taiwan
- Thailand
Americas
- Argentina
- Bolivia
- Canada
- Chile
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Ecuador
- GrenadaCitizenship by investment available
- Honduras
- Jamaica
- Mexico
- Panama
- Paraguay
- Suriname
- Trinidad and Tobago
Africa
- Cameroon
- Congo, Democratic Republic of the
- Congo, Republic of the
- Egypt
- Ethiopia
- Liberia
- Morocco
- Senegal
- Togo
- Tunisia
Middle East
- Bahrain
- IsraelRecent addition 2019
- Jordan
- Oman
- TürkiyeCitizenship by investment available
Oceania
- Australia
- New ZealandRecent addition 2019
Corporate applicants
Where the investing entity is a company rather than an individual, at least 50% of its ownership must be held by nationals of the treaty country. Those owners must either be maintaining E-2 status themselves, or be resident abroad and otherwise classifiable as E-2.
Ownership is traced through to ultimate beneficial owners, so intermediate holding structures do not change the analysis.
If your country is not on the list
Nationals of countries without an E-2 treaty — mainland China and India being the largest such populations — sometimes acquire a second nationality that carries treaty status. Grenada and Türkiye are the routes most commonly used, both offering citizenship by investment alongside an E-2 treaty.
This is a legitimate path, but it adds cost, time and scrutiny. Consular officers are familiar with it, and recently naturalised applicants should expect questions about their connection to the treaty country.
This list is a navigational aid, not legal advice. Treaties are concluded and occasionally lapse. Always confirm current status against the U.S. Department of State list before making decisions.
View the official Department of State treaty country list →Ready to Start Your E-2 Journey?
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